一 目的
本節(jié)的目的就是為了講清楚Android中的Surface系統(tǒng),大家耳熟能詳?shù)腟urfaceFlinger到底是個(gè)什么東西,它的工作流程又是怎樣的。當(dāng)然,鑒于SurfaceFlinger的復(fù)雜性,我們依然將采用情景分析的辦法,找到合適的切入點(diǎn)。
一個(gè)Activity是怎么在屏幕上顯示出來(lái)的呢?我將首先把這個(gè)說(shuō)清楚。
接著我們把其中的關(guān)鍵調(diào)用抽象在Native層,以這些函數(shù)調(diào)用為切入點(diǎn)來(lái)研究SurfaceFlinger。好了,開始我們的征途吧。
二 Activity是如何顯示的
最初的想法就是,Activity獲得一塊顯存,然后在上面繪圖,最后交給設(shè)備去顯示。這個(gè)道理是沒錯(cuò),但是Android的SurfaceFlinger是在System Server進(jìn)程中創(chuàng)建的,Activity一般另有線程,這之間是如何。..如何掛上關(guān)系的呢?我可以先提前告訴大家,這個(gè)過(guò)程還比較復(fù)雜。呵呵。
好吧,我們從Activity最初的啟動(dòng)開始。代碼在
framework/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java中,這里有個(gè)函數(shù)叫handleLaunchActivity
?。?---》ActivityThread:: handleLaunchActivity()]
private final void handleLaunchActivity(ActivityRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
Activity a = performLaunchActivity(r, customIntent);
if (a != null) {
r.createdConfig = new Configuration(mConfiguration);
Bundle oldState = r.state;
handleResumeActivity(r.token, false, r.isForward);
----》調(diào)用handleResumeActivity
}
handleLaunchActivity中會(huì)調(diào)用handleResumeActivity。
?。?--》ActivityThread:: handleResumeActivity]
final void handleResumeActivity(IBinder token, boolean clearHide, boolean isForward) {
boolean willBeVisible = !a.mStartedActivity;
if (r.window == null && !a.mFinished && willBeVisible) {
r.window = r.activity.getWindow();
View decor = r.window.getDecorView();
decor.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
ViewManager wm = a.getWindowManager();
WindowManager.LayoutParams l = r.window.getAttributes();
a.mDecor = decor;
l.type = WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_BASE_APPLICATION;
if (a.mVisibleFromClient) {
a.mWindowAdded = true;
wm.addView(decor, l); //這個(gè)很關(guān)鍵。
}
上面addView那幾行非常關(guān)鍵,它關(guān)系到咱們?cè)贏ctivity中setContentView后,整個(gè)Window到底都包含了些什么。我先告訴大家。所有你創(chuàng)建的View之上,還有一個(gè)DecorView,這是一個(gè)FrameLayout,另外還有一個(gè)PhoneWindow。上面這些東西的代碼在
framework/Policies/Base/Phone/com/android/Internal/policy/impl。這些隱藏的View的創(chuàng)建都是由你在Acitivty的onCreate中調(diào)用setContentView導(dǎo)致的。
?。?---》PhoneWindow:: addContentView]
public void addContentView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params) {
if (mContentParent == null) { //剛創(chuàng)建的時(shí)候mContentParent為空
installDecor();
}
mContentParent.addView(view, params);
final Callback cb = getCallback();
if (cb != null) {
cb.onContentChanged();
}
}
installDecor將創(chuàng)建mDecor和mContentParent。mDecor是DecorView類型,
mContentParent是ViewGroup類型
private void installDecor() {
if (mDecor == null) {
mDecor = generateDecor();
mDecor.setDescendantFocusability(ViewGroup.FOCUS_AFTER_DESCENDANTS);
mDecor.setIsRootNamespace(true);
}
if (mContentParent == null) {
mContentParent = generateLayout(mDecor);
那么,ViewManager wm = a.getWindowManager()又返回什么呢?
PhoneWindow從Window中派生,Acitivity創(chuàng)建的時(shí)候會(huì)調(diào)用它的setWindowManager。而這個(gè)函數(shù)由Window類實(shí)現(xiàn)。
代碼在framework/base/core/java/android/view/Window.java中
public void setWindowManager(WindowManager wm,IBinder appToken, String appName) {
mAppToken = appToken;
mAppName = appName;
if (wm == null) {
wm = WindowManagerImpl.getDefault();
}
mWindowManager = new LocalWindowManager(wm);
}
你看見沒,分析JAVA代碼這個(gè)東西真的很復(fù)雜。mWindowManager的實(shí)現(xiàn)是LocalWindowManager,但由通過(guò)Bridge模式把功能交給WindowManagerImpl去實(shí)現(xiàn)了。
真的很復(fù)雜!
好了,羅里羅嗦的,我們回到wm.addView(decor, l)。最終會(huì)由WindowManagerImpl來(lái)完成
addView操作,我們直接看它的實(shí)現(xiàn)好了。
代碼在framework/base/core/java/android/view/WindowManagerImpl.java
?。?---》addView]
private void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params, boolean nest)
{
ViewRoot root; //ViewRoot,我們的主人公終于登場(chǎng)!
synchronized (this) {
root = new ViewRoot(view.getContext());
root.mAddNesting = 1;
view.setLayoutParams(wparams);
if (mViews == null) {
index = 1;
mViews = new View[1];
mRoots = new ViewRoot[1];
mParams = new WindowManager.LayoutParams[1];
} else {
}
index--;
mViews[index] = view;
mRoots[index] = root;
mParams[index] = wparams;
}
root.setView(view, wparams, panelParentView);
}
ViewRoot是整個(gè)顯示系統(tǒng)中最為關(guān)鍵的東西,看起來(lái)這個(gè)東西好像和View有那么點(diǎn)關(guān)系,其實(shí)它根本和View等UI關(guān)系不大,它不過(guò)是一個(gè)Handler罷了,唯一有關(guān)系的就是它其中有一個(gè)變量為Surface類型。我們看看它的定義。ViewRoot代碼在
framework/base/core/java/android/view/ViewRoot.java中
public final class ViewRoot extends Handler implements ViewParent,
View.AttachInfo.Callbacks
{
private final Surface mSurface = new Surface();
}
它竟然從handler派生,而ViewParent不過(guò)定義了一些接口函數(shù)罷了。
看到Surface直覺上感到它和SurfaceFlinger有點(diǎn)關(guān)系。要不先去看看?
Surface代碼在framework/base/core/java/android/view/Surface.java中,我們調(diào)用的是無(wú)參構(gòu)造函數(shù)。
public Surface() {
mCanvas = new CompatibleCanvas(); //就是創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Canvas!
}
如果你有興趣的話,看看Surface其他構(gòu)造函數(shù),最終都會(huì)調(diào)用native的實(shí)現(xiàn),而這些native的實(shí)現(xiàn)將和SurfaceFlinger建立關(guān)系,但我們這里ViewRoot中的mSurface顯然還沒有到這一步。那它到底是怎么和SurfaceFlinger搞上的呢?這一切待會(huì)就會(huì)水落石出的。
另外,為什么ViewRoot是主人公呢?因?yàn)閂iewRoot建立了客戶端和SystemServer的關(guān)系。我們看看它的構(gòu)造函數(shù)。
public ViewRoot(Context context) {
super();
。..。
getWindowSession(context.getMainLooper());
}
getWindowsession將建立和WindowManagerService的關(guān)系。
ublic static IWindowSession getWindowSession(Looper mainLooper) {
synchronized (mStaticInit) {
if (!mInitialized) {
try {
//sWindowSession是通過(guò)Binder機(jī)制創(chuàng)建的。終于讓我們看到點(diǎn)希望了
InputMethodManager imm = InputMethodManager.getInstance(mainLooper);
sWindowSession = IWindowManager.Stub.asInterface(
ServiceManager.getService(“window”))
.openSession(imm.getClient(), imm.getInputContext());
mInitialized = true;
} catch (RemoteException e) {
}
}
return sWindowSession;
}
}
上面跨Binder的進(jìn)程調(diào)用另一端是WindowManagerService,代碼在
framework/base/services/java/com/android/server/WindowManagerService.java中。我們先不說(shuō)這個(gè)。
回過(guò)頭來(lái)看看ViewRoot接下來(lái)的調(diào)用。
?。?-》ViewRoot::setView()],這個(gè)函數(shù)很復(fù)雜,我們看其中關(guān)鍵幾句。
public void setView(View view, WindowManager.LayoutParams attrs,
View panelParentView) {
synchronized (this) {
requestLayout();
try {
res = sWindowSession.add(mWindow, mWindowAttributes,
getHostVisibility(), mAttachInfo.mContentInsets);
}
}
requestLayout實(shí)現(xiàn)很簡(jiǎn)單,就是往handler中發(fā)送了一個(gè)消息。
public void requestLayout() {
checkThread();
mLayoutRequested = true;
scheduleTraversals(); //發(fā)送DO_TRAVERSAL消息
}
public void scheduleTraversals() {
if (!mTraversalScheduled) {
mTraversalScheduled = true;
sendEmptyMessage(DO_TRAVERSAL);
}
}
我們看看跨進(jìn)程的那個(gè)調(diào)用。sWindowSession.add。它的最終實(shí)現(xiàn)在WindowManagerService中。
?。?--》WindowSession::add()]
public int add(IWindow window, WindowManager.LayoutParams attrs,
int viewVisibility, Rect outContentInsets) {
return addWindow(this, window, attrs, viewVisibility, outContentInsets);
}
WindowSession是個(gè)內(nèi)部類,會(huì)調(diào)用外部類的addWindow
這個(gè)函數(shù)巨復(fù)雜無(wú)比,但是我們的核心目標(biāo)是找到創(chuàng)建顯示相關(guān)的部分。所以,最后精簡(jiǎn)的話就簡(jiǎn)單了。
[---》WindowManagerService:: addWindow]
public int addWindow(Session session, IWindow client,
WindowManager.LayoutParams attrs, int viewVisibility,
Rect outContentInsets) {
//創(chuàng)建一個(gè)WindowState,這個(gè)又是什么玩意兒呢?
win = new WindowState(session, client, token,
attachedWindow, attrs, viewVisibility);
win.attach();
return res;
}
WindowState類中有一個(gè)和Surface相關(guān)的成員變量,叫SurfaceSession。它會(huì)在
attach函數(shù)中被創(chuàng)建。SurfaceSession嘛,就和SurfaceFlinger有關(guān)系了。我們待會(huì)看。
好,我們知道ViewRoot創(chuàng)建及調(diào)用add后,我們客戶端的View系統(tǒng)就和WindowManagerService建立了牢不可破的關(guān)系。
另外,我們知道ViewRoot是一個(gè)handler,而且剛才我們調(diào)用了requestLayout,所以接下來(lái)消息循環(huán)下一個(gè)將調(diào)用的就是ViewRoot的handleMessage。
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
case DO_TRAVERSAL:
performTraversals();
performTraversals更加復(fù)雜無(wú)比,經(jīng)過(guò)我仔細(xì)挑選,目標(biāo)鎖定為下面幾個(gè)函數(shù)。當(dāng)然,后面我們還會(huì)回到performTraversals,不過(guò)我們現(xiàn)在更感興趣的是Surface是如何創(chuàng)建的。
private void performTraversals() {
// cache mView since it is used so much below.。.
final View host = mView;
boolean initialized = false;
boolean contentInsetsChanged = false;
boolean visibleInsetsChanged;
try {
//ViewRoot也有一個(gè)Surface成員變量,叫mSurface,這個(gè)就是代表SurfaceFlinger的客戶端
//ViewRoot在這個(gè)Surface上作畫,最后將由SurfaceFlinger來(lái)合成顯示。剛才說(shuō)了mSurface還沒有什么內(nèi)容。
relayoutResult = relayoutWindow(params, viewVisibility, insetsPending);
?。?---》ViewRoot:: relayoutWindow()]
private int relayoutWindow(WindowManager.LayoutParams params, int viewVisibility,
boolean insetsPending) throws RemoteException {
//relayOut是跨進(jìn)程調(diào)用,mSurface做為參數(shù)傳進(jìn)去了,看來(lái)離真相越來(lái)越近了呀!
int relayoutResult = sWindowSession.relayout(
mWindow, params,
?。╥nt) (mView.mMeasuredWidth * appScale + 0.5f),
?。╥nt) (mView.mMeasuredHeight * appScale + 0.5f),
viewVisibility, insetsPending, mWinFrame,
mPendingContentInsets, mPendingVisibleInsets,
mPendingConfiguration, mSurface); mSurface做為參數(shù)傳進(jìn)去了。
}
我們趕緊轉(zhuǎn)到WindowManagerService去看看吧。、
public int relayoutWindow(Session session, IWindow client,
WindowManager.LayoutParams attrs, int requestedWidth,
int requestedHeight, int viewVisibility, boolean insetsPending,
Rect outFrame, Rect outContentInsets, Rect outVisibleInsets,
Configuration outConfig, Surface outSurface){
。..。.
try {
//看到這里,我內(nèi)心一陣狂喜,有戲,太有戲了!
//其中win是我們最初創(chuàng)建的WindowState!
Surface surface = win.createSurfaceLocked();
if (surface != null) {
//先創(chuàng)建一個(gè)本地surface,然后把傳入的參數(shù)outSurface copyFrom一下
outSurface.copyFrom(surface);
win.mReportDestroySurface = false;
win.mSurfacePendingDestroy = false;
} else {
outSurface.release();
}
}
}
?。?--》WindowState::createSurfaceLocked]
Surface createSurfaceLocked() {
try {
mSurface = new Surface(
mSession.mSurfaceSession, mSession.mPid,
mAttrs.getTitle().toString(),
0, w, h, mAttrs.format, flags);
}
Surface.openTransaction();
這里使用了Surface的另外一個(gè)構(gòu)造函數(shù)。
public Surface(SurfaceSession s,
int pid, String name, int display, int w, int h, int format, int flags)
throws OutOfResourcesException {
mCanvas = new CompatibleCanvas();
init(s,pid,name,display,w,h,format,flags); ----》調(diào)用了native的init函數(shù)。
mName = name;
}
到這里,不進(jìn)入JNI是不可能說(shuō)清楚了。不過(guò)我們要先回顧下之前的關(guān)鍵步驟。
l add中,new了一個(gè)SurfaceSession
l 創(chuàng)建new了一個(gè)Surface
l 調(diào)用copyFrom,把本地Surface信息傳到outSurface中
JNI層
上面兩個(gè)類的JNI實(shí)現(xiàn)都在framework/base/core/jni/android_view_Surface.cpp中。
?。?---》SurfaceSession:: SurfaceSession()]
public class SurfaceSession {
/** Create a new connection with the surface flinger. */
public SurfaceSession() {
init();
}
它的init函數(shù)對(duì)應(yīng)為:
?。?--》SurfaceSession_init]
static void SurfaceSession_init(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
{
//SurfaceSession對(duì)應(yīng)為SurfaceComposerClient
sp《SurfaceComposerClient》 client = new SurfaceComposerClient;
client-》incStrong(clazz);
//Google常用做法,在JAVA對(duì)象中保存C++對(duì)象的指針。
env-》SetIntField(clazz, sso.client, (int)client.get());
}
Surface的init對(duì)應(yīng)為:
?。?--》Surface_init]
static void Surface_init(
JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz,
jobject session,
jint pid, jstring jname, jint dpy, jint w, jint h, jint format, jint flags)
{
SurfaceComposerClient* client =
?。⊿urfaceComposerClient*)env-》GetIntField(session, sso.client);
sp《SurfaceControl》 surface;
if (jname == NULL) {
//client是SurfaceComposerClient,返回的surface是一個(gè)SurfaceControl
//真得很復(fù)雜!
surface = client-》createSurface(pid, dpy, w, h, format, flags);
} else {
const jchar* str = env-》GetStringCritical(jname, 0);
const String8 name(str, env-》GetStringLength(jname));
env-》ReleaseStringCritical(jname, str);
surface = client-》createSurface(pid, name, dpy, w, h, format, flags);
}
//把surfaceControl信息設(shè)置到Surface對(duì)象中
setSurfaceControl(env, clazz, surface);
}
static void setSurfaceControl(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz,
const sp《SurfaceControl》& surface)
{
SurfaceControl* const p =
?。⊿urfaceControl*)env-》GetIntField(clazz, so.surfaceControl);
if (surface.get()) {
surface-》incStrong(clazz);
}
if (p) {
p-》decStrong(clazz);
}
env-》SetIntField(clazz, so.surfaceControl, (int)surface.get());
}
[---》Surface_copyFrom]
static void Surface_copyFrom(
JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jobject other)
{
const sp《SurfaceControl》& surface = getSurfaceControl(env, clazz);
const sp《SurfaceControl》& rhs = getSurfaceControl(env, other);
if (!SurfaceControl::isSameSurface(surface, rhs)) {
setSurfaceControl(env, clazz, rhs);
//把本地那個(gè)surface的surfaceControl對(duì)象轉(zhuǎn)移到outSurface上
}
}
這里僅僅是surfaceControl的轉(zhuǎn)移,但是并沒有看到Surface相關(guān)的信息。
那么Surface在哪里創(chuàng)建的呢?為了解釋這個(gè)問題,我使用了終極武器,aidl。
1 終極武器AIDL
aidl可以把XXX.aidl文件轉(zhuǎn)換成對(duì)應(yīng)的java文件。我們剛才調(diào)用的是WindowSession的
relayOut函數(shù)。如下:
sWindowSession.relayout(
mWindow, params,
?。╥nt) (mView.mMeasuredWidth * appScale + 0.5f),
?。╥nt) (mView.mMeasuredHeight * appScale + 0.5f),
viewVisibility, insetsPending, mWinFrame,
mPendingContentInsets, mPendingVisibleInsets,
mPendingConfiguration, mSurface);
它的aidl文件在framework/base/core/java/android/view/IWindowSession.aidl中
interface IWindowSession {
int add(IWindow window, in WindowManager.LayoutParams attrs,
in int viewVisibility, out Rect outContentInsets);
void remove(IWindow window);
//注意喔,這個(gè)outSurface前面的是out,表示輸出參數(shù),這個(gè)類似于C++的引用。
int relayout(IWindow window, in WindowManager.LayoutParams attrs,
int requestedWidth, int requestedHeight, int viewVisibility,
boolean insetsPending, out Rect outFrame, out Rect outContentInsets,
out Rect outVisibleInsets, out Configuration outConfig,
out Surface outSurface);
剛才說(shuō)了,JNI及其JAVA調(diào)用只是copyFrom了SurfaceControl對(duì)象到outSurface中,但是沒看到哪里創(chuàng)建Surface。這其中的奧秘就在aidl文件編譯后生成的java文件中。
你在命令行下可以輸入:
aidl -Id:\android-2.2-froyo-20100625-source\source\frameworks\base\core\java\ -Id:\android-2.2-froyo-20100625-source\source\frameworks\base\Graphics\java d:\android-2.2-froyo-20100625-source\source\frameworks\base\core\java\android\view\IWindowSession.aidl test.java
以生成test.java文件。-I參數(shù)指定include目錄,例如aidl有些參數(shù)是在別的java文件中指定的,那么這個(gè)-I就需要把這些目錄包含進(jìn)來(lái)。
先看看ViewRoot這個(gè)客戶端生成的代碼是什么。
public int relayout(
android.view.IWindow window,
android.view.WindowManager.LayoutParams attrs,
int requestedWidth, int requestedHeight,
int viewVisibility, boolean insetsPending,
android.graphics.Rect outFrame,
android.graphics.Rect outContentInsets,
android.graphics.Rect outVisibleInsets,
android.content.res.Configuration outConfig,
android.view.Surface outSurface) ----》outSurface是第11個(gè)參數(shù)
throws android.os.RemoteException
{
android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
int _result;
try {
_data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);
_data.writeStrongBinder((((window!=null))?(window.asBinder()):(null)));
if ((attrs!=null)) {
_data.writeInt(1);
attrs.writeToParcel(_data, 0);
}
else {
_data.writeInt(0);
}
_data.writeInt(requestedWidth);
_data.writeInt(requestedHeight);
_data.writeInt(viewVisibility);
_data.writeInt(((insetsPending)?(1):(0)));
//奇怪,outSurface的信息沒有寫到_data中。那。..。.
mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_relayout, _data, _reply, 0);
_reply.readException();
_result = _reply.readInt();
if ((0!=_reply.readInt())) {
outFrame.readFromParcel(_reply);
}
。..。
if ((0!=_reply.readInt())) {
outSurface.readFromParcel(_reply); //從Parcel中讀取信息來(lái)填充outSurface
}
}
finally {
_reply.recycle();
_data.recycle();
}
return _result;
}
真奇怪啊,Binder客戶端這頭竟然沒有把outSurface的信息發(fā)過(guò)去。我們趕緊看看服務(wù)端。
服務(wù)端這邊處理是在onTranscat函數(shù)中。
@Override public boolean onTransact(int code, android.os.Parcel data, android.os.Parcel reply, int flags) throws android.os.RemoteException
{
switch (code)
{
case TRANSACTION_relayout:
{
data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
android.view.IWindow _arg0;
android.view.Surface _arg10;
//剛才說(shuō)了,Surface信息并沒有傳過(guò)來(lái),那么我們?cè)趓elayOut中看到的outSurface是怎么
//出來(lái)的呢?看下面這句,原來(lái)在服務(wù)端這邊竟然new了一個(gè)新的Surface?。?!
_arg10 = new android.view.Surface();
int _result = this.relayout(_arg0, _arg1, _arg2, _arg3, _arg4, _arg5, _arg6, _arg7, _arg8, _arg9, _arg10);
reply.writeNoException();
reply.writeInt(_result);
//_arg10是copyFrom了,那怎么傳到客戶端呢?
if ((_arg10!=null)) {
reply.writeInt(1);//調(diào)用Surface的writeToParcel,把信息加入reply
_arg10.writeToParcel(reply, android.os.Parcelable.PARCELABLE_WRITE_RETURN_VALUE);
}
return true;
}
太詭異了!竟然有這么多花花腸子。我相信如果沒有aidl的幫助,我無(wú)論如何也不會(huì)知道這其中的奧妙。
那好,我們的流程明白了。
l 客戶端雖然傳了一個(gè)surface,但其實(shí)沒傳遞給服務(wù)端
l 服務(wù)端調(diào)用writeToParcel,把信息寫到Parcel中,然后數(shù)據(jù)傳回客戶端
l 客戶端調(diào)用Surface的readFromParcel,獲得surface信息。
那就去看看writeToParcel吧。
[----》Surface_writeToParcel]
static void Surface_writeToParcel(
JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jobject argParcel, jint flags)
{
Parcel* parcel = (Parcel*)env-》GetIntField(
argParcel, no.native_parcel);
const sp《SurfaceControl》& control(getSurfaceControl(env, clazz));
//還好,只是把數(shù)據(jù)序列化到Parcel中
SurfaceControl::writeSurfaceToParcel(control, parcel);
if (flags & PARCELABLE_WRITE_RETURN_VALUE) {
setSurfaceControl(env, clazz, 0);
}
}
那看看客戶端的Surface_readFromParcel吧。
?。?----》Surface_readFromParcel]
static void Surface_readFromParcel(
JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jobject argParcel)
{
Parcel* parcel = (Parcel*)env-》GetIntField( argParcel, no.native_parcel);
//客戶端這邊還沒有surface呢
const sp《Surface》& control(getSurface(env, clazz));
//不過(guò)我們看到希望了,根據(jù)服務(wù)端那邊Parcel信息來(lái)構(gòu)造一個(gè)新的surface
sp《Surface》 rhs = new Surface(*parcel);
if (!Surface::isSameSurface(control, rhs)) {
setSurface(env, clazz, rhs); //把這個(gè)新surface賦給客戶端。終于我們有了surface!
}
}
到此,我們終于七拐八繞的得到了surface,這其中經(jīng)歷太多曲折了。下一節(jié),我們將精簡(jiǎn)這其中復(fù)雜的操作,統(tǒng)一歸到Native層,以這樣為切入點(diǎn)來(lái)了解Surface的工作流程和原理。
好,反正你知道ViewRoot調(diào)用了relayout后,Surface就真正從WindowManagerService那得到了。繼續(xù)回到ViewRoot,其中還有一個(gè)重要地方是我們知道卻不了解的。
private void performTraversals() {
// cache mView since it is used so much below.。.
final View host = mView;
boolean initialized = false;
boolean contentInsetsChanged = false;
boolean visibleInsetsChanged;
try {
relayoutResult = relayoutWindow(params, viewVisibility, insetsPending);
// relayoutWindow完后,我們得到了一個(gè)無(wú)比寶貴的Surface
//那我們畫界面的地方在哪里?就在這個(gè)函數(shù)中,離relayoutWindow不遠(yuǎn)處。
。..。
boolean cancelDraw = attachInfo.mTreeObserver.dispatchOnPreDraw();
if (!cancelDraw && !newSurface) {
mFullRedrawNeeded = false;
draw(fullRedrawNeeded); //draw?draw什么呀?
}
?。?--》ViewRoot::draw()]
private void draw(boolean fullRedrawNeeded) {
Surface surface = mSurface; //嘿嘿,不擔(dān)心了,surface資源都齊全了
if (surface == null || !surface.isValid()) {
return;
}
if (mAttachInfo.mViewScrollChanged) {
mAttachInfo.mViewScrollChanged = false;
mAttachInfo.mTreeObserver.dispatchOnScrollChanged();
}
int yoff;
final boolean scrolling = mScroller != null && mScroller.computeScrollOffset();
if (scrolling) {
yoff = mScroller.getCurrY();
} else {
yoff = mScrollY;
}
if (mCurScrollY != yoff) {
mCurScrollY = yoff;
fullRedrawNeeded = true;
}
float appScale = mAttachInfo.mApplicationScale;
boolean scalingRequired = mAttachInfo.mScalingRequired;
Rect dirty = mDirty;
if (mUseGL) { //我們不用OPENGL
。..
}
Canvas canvas;
try {
int left = dirty.left;
int top = dirty.top;
int right = dirty.right;
int bottom = dirty.bottom;
//從Surface中鎖定一塊區(qū)域,這塊區(qū)域是我們認(rèn)為的需要重繪的區(qū)域
canvas = surface.lockCanvas(dirty);
// TODO: Do this in native
canvas.setDensity(mDensity);
}
try {
if (!dirty.isEmpty() || mIsAnimating) {
long startTime = 0L;
try {
canvas.translate(0, -yoff);
if (mTranslator != null) {
mTranslator.translateCanvas(canvas);
}
canvas.setScreenDensity(scalingRequired
?。?DisplayMetrics.DENSITY_DEVICE : 0);
//mView就是之前的decoreView,
mView.draw(canvas);
}
} finally {
//我們的圖畫完了,告訴surface釋放這塊區(qū)域
surface.unlockCanvasAndPost(canvas);
}
if (scrolling) {
mFullRedrawNeeded = true;
scheduleTraversals();
}
}
看起來(lái),這個(gè)surface的用法很簡(jiǎn)單嘛:
l lockSurface,得到一個(gè)畫布Canvas
l 調(diào)用View的draw,讓他們?cè)谶@個(gè)Canvas上盡情繪圖才。另外,這個(gè)View會(huì)調(diào)用所有它的子View來(lái)畫圖,最終會(huì)進(jìn)入到View的onDraw函數(shù)中,在這里我們可以做定制化的界面美化工作。當(dāng)然,如果你想定制化整個(gè)系統(tǒng)畫圖的話,完全可以把performTranvsal看懂,然后再修改。
l unlockCanvasAndPost,告訴Surface釋放這塊畫布
當(dāng)然,這幾個(gè)重要函數(shù)調(diào)用干了具體的活。這些重要函數(shù),我們最終會(huì)精簡(jiǎn)到Native層的。
2 總結(jié)
到這里,你應(yīng)該知道了一個(gè)Activity中,調(diào)用setContentView后它如何從系統(tǒng)中獲取一塊Surface,以及它是如何使用這個(gè)Surface的了。不得不說(shuō),關(guān)于UI這塊,Android絕對(duì)是夠復(fù)雜的。
(審核編輯: 智匯小新)
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